Background

Christianity is the most widespread religion in the world. The religion was founded by Jesus of Nazareth, in the Land of Israel more than two thousand years ago (the year 0 - Anno Domini - AD - the year of our Lord, was determined as the year of Jesus’ birth).
According to the Christian belief, Jesus was born in Bethlehem, to his mother Mary (Miriam) while she was a virgin (conceived by the Holy Spirit) , , (Mary was married to Joseph of Nazareth, but according to Christian belief she remained a virgin ). After he went around the Land of Israel and spread his teachings, and the fact that he is the Son of God, he was handed over to the Roman authorities, and executed by crucifixion on Calvary (Golgotha hill) .

Jesus’ journey of suffering (Via Dolorosa) is the road in Jerusalem that he walked from the place where he was sentenced to his crucifixion , , .

The cross has since been considered a symbol of the Christian religion, and it appears in many and varied forms, and is placed in almost every church , , also it is found in many symbols that are not necessarily related to Christianity today ,

Christianity believes in the "Holy Trinity" the Father = God, the Son = Jesus and the Holy Spirit = the divine presence existing in the world .

The holy book of Christianity is the "New Testament" in addition to the Old Testament which constitutes the Bible. In the New Testament the life of Jesus is described, as well as the actions of the apostles.

The Twelve Apostles
The disciples of Jesus who were chosen after his death to spread his gospel. It is believed that they were the ones who were present at the "Last Supper" (the meal he ate before his sentence and where he met his disciples for the last time).
The most important of them was Peter who was also considered the first Pope , and after him the Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican is named
Another apostle who was not in the 12 apostles, and never met Jesus is Paul, one of the authors of the New Testament .

Christian denomination
Over the years, there have been divisions among the believers of the Christian religion, so that there have been variations of the worships, the heads of the religion, and more.

Catholic Church
The largest church. Its center is in the Vatican City, and it is headed by the Pope who, according to belief, is the successor of the Apostle Saint Peter. Its spiritual center is in St. Peter’s Basilica

Protestantism
A stream in Christianity that arose in the 16th century AD under the leadership of Martin Luther and Jean Calvin (the Reformation), who challenged all the worship that had been sanctified over the years in Catholic Christianity, and called to act only according to the Holy Scriptures (the Bible and the New Testament).
In this church there are several main sub-currents:
The Anglican Church Although it originates from the Catholic Church, after the Reformation, King Henry VIII severed ties with the Pope. The head of the church is the Archbishop of Canterbury.
Baptists A church that was established in the 17th century and the main thing is the baptism ceremony that is done at maturity, so that acceptance into Christianity is done with knowledge and faith, in contrast to the accepted practice where baptism is done for babies who are not aware of the faith.
Evangelicalism A movement that arose in the 18th century and its believers are particularly pious, and stay away from the pleasures of life. This church is very common in the United States.

Eastern Orthodox Church
A church practiced mainly in Eastern European countries and the Middle East. It developed from the Byzantine Empire that arose after the split of the Roman Empire.
It is headed by patriarchs and archbishops subordinate to the countries in which they are located.

Churches
The building used for the worship of God in the Christian religion, and equivalent to synagogues of the Jewish religion and to the mosques of the Muslim religion.
Over the years, many resources were invested in the building of the churches, and some of them are magnificent buildings that dominate the urban landscape.

The different currents of the Christian religion have their own churches, and sometimes also with unique architecture.
Below are a number of churches located on the site:

Catholic
Church from the fifth century - Emmaus Church, Israel
St. Peter’s Church in Jaffa, Israel
- The only Catholic in London
- Saint Antony in Lisbon
- Notre-Dame-des-Blancs-Manteaux, Paris
- Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis, Paris
- Church of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, Paris
- Saint-Séverin Church, Paris - One of the oldest churches in Paris.
- Saint-Louis-d’Antin Church, Paris
- The Church of Saint-Roch, Paris
- Church of the Holy Trinity, Paris
- Notre-Dame de l’Assomption Church, Paris
- Church of Saint-Eustache, Paris
- Church of Saint-Denys-du-Saint-Sacrement, Paris
- Church of Mercy, Porto
- Mary of Jessekerk, a Neo-Gothic style church located in the city of Delft, Netherlands.
And of course the main church located in the Vatican: St. Peter’s Basilica
- Basilica of Saint Francis, Assisi, Italy
- Collegiate Church of San Michele Arcangelo, Panicale, Italy
- Church of Santa Maria della Provvidenza, Zafferana Etnea (Sicily), Italy
- Church of Santissimo Salvatore, Noto (Sicily), Italy
- Church of Francis of Assisi, Noto (Sicily), Italy
- Saint Joseph Church, Taormina (Sicily), Italy
- Church of San Carlo Borromeo, Noto (Sicily), Italy
- Church of Santa Maria della Scala, Ragusa (Sicily), Italy
- Church of Anime del Purgatorio, Ragusa (Sicily), Italy

Protestant
Paris - Temple du Marais church

The Greek Orthodox Church
Old Jaffa, Israel
Lod, Israel
Vienna, Austria

Romanian Orthodox
Church of Saints-Archangels, Paris

Baptist
St Andrew Street Baptist Church, Cambridge, UK

Ethiopian
(a church belonging to Orthodox Christianity)
Jerusalem, Israel

Anglican Church
The Round Church in Cambridge,
Cambridge St. Mary’s Cathedral
St. Margaret’s London.
Bath Abbey
Southwark Cathedral, London

Evangelical Church
Aloni Abba, Israel
Church of St. Clement, Prague, Czech Republic

Monasteries
Monasteries are places where the residents (monks) stay away from the pleasures of flesh and blood, and focus on prayer and work. Monasteries are mainly common in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity.

Convent of the Sisters of the Rosary, Jerusalem, Israel
St. Vincent De Paul Hospice, Jerusalem, Israel
Elonas Monastery in Kosmas, Greece

Cathedrals
The place where the bishop sits, who is the most senior cleric in the settlement. Cathedrals are usually magnificent and large buildings:
Lisbon Cathedral
Durham Cathedral
St. Andrew’s Cathedral, Glasgow
St. Vitus Cathedral, Prague
Armenian Holy Cross Cathedral of Paris
Blois Cathedral
Cathedral Saint Nicholas of Myra, Noto (Sicily), Italy
The Cathedral of Taormina (Saint Nicholas of Bari), Taormina (Sicily), Italy
Southwark Cathedral, London

Chapels
A small prayer place usually for an individual or a family.
Chapel of Saint Sebastian - Ericeira’ Portugal
The Chapel of the Holy Cross in Prague Castle
Byzantine chapel from the 4th century AD, Neot Kedumim Park, Israel
Chapel of Saint Ciriac, 1754 chapel, Ibiza, Balearic Islands, Spain

Orders
Organized groups, some of which also operated in a military framework, mainly during the Crusades, in attempts to liberate the Holy Land.

Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
An order established in the 11th century. Initially, the order was established with the aim of establishing a hospital in Jerusalem where the pilgrims who came to the city would be treated. After the conquest of Jerusalem by the Crusaders, the order became a military order whose purpose was the defense of Jerusalem.
Vienna Maltese Church

Order of Friars Minor Capuchin
An order that led a life of celibacy and chastity. His origin is from the Franciscan order.
Vienna
An order of women was also attached to this order: Capuchin Poor Clares, or Capuchin Daughters of Passion.
Paris

Dominican Order
An order founded in the 13th century. Known as religious fanatics and those who dominated the Inquisition
Vienna

Order of Saint Benedict
An order founded in the sixth century in which its members are bound by celibacy, poverty, obedience, work and prayer
Dormition, Jerusalem, Israel

The Franciscan Order
(The emblem of the order was taken from the relief located at the College of Terra Santa )
Order founded in 1209 by Francis of Assisi , , . An order that excels in modesty and simplicity, but encourages its members to intervene within the community

Saints
Saints are those who were declared by the church as saints after their death, mainly because of their faith, acts of kindness they did, or miracles that happened to them.
The tradition of Saints is mainly present in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity.
Many churches are named after saints, many times who lived in the place where the church was:
St. Michael in Budapest , St. Lawrence, Prague , St. Chiara, Naples and many more.